Find Ancestors

Hi All,

I think that sometimes the point is missed on this board.

It says at the top of the front page....If You would like someone to do a look-up for You.... (or words to that effect ). Sometimes people may just be looking for an answer, and do not understand the complexities of doing research on the Internet. I do My tree as a hobby ( as I guess do most people ).
But I think We need to remember the words at the top of the front page.

Brian.

1911 DUBLIN Census on line NOW

Go to www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ and search!


When you've found one that is 'yours' then click on

Household Return (Form A), Page 1

to see the census image.

It also tells you how many child born alive and how many still living.




Taken from Teresa With Irish Blood in Me Veins,s board .

Abbreviations

What is meant when a reply only reads

n

n = nudge

It means the items goes to the top of page 1 - until another thread (topic) is answered which then takes its place. Jx

Occupations:

Post Office appointments are listed not only for senior employees but also for the lower grades including postmen...

Google......http://www.postalheritage.org.uk/visiting/familyhistory/

More occupations can be found on

http://www.amlwchhistory.co.uk/data/occupations.htm

http://rmhh.co.uk/occup/

Electoral Roll FREE!!


www.b4usearch.com/

Will be soon up & running for FREE Electoral Roll search for 2006/7. Just register & they will email you when it starts.


Info:From Malcolm's post

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE


The National Health Service Act 1946 came into effect on 5 July 1948. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance,

Army Records

Google

WW2talk.com

OLD AGE PENSION


The first old age pension was handed out in September 1908
For the over 70's
It was five shillings, worth about 25% of the 1908 average wage! Today's pension is worth only 15% of today's average wage!


1909 "Pensions Day" 1st January - commenced first general old age pension paying a non-contributory weekly amount of between 1s and 5s (= to 10p to 25p)or (7s 6d = to 37.5p) for married couples), from age 70, on a means-tested basis. Over half a million individuals collected their first National Pensions. 1700 collected their pension in Southwark where the agitation first began in 1885, 24 years previously

NATIONAL INSURANCE

(NI) is a system of taxes and related social security benefits in the United Kingdom. It was first introduced in 1911, and expanded by the government of Clement Attlee in 1946. The tax component of the system consists of taxes paid by employees and employers on weekly earnings and other benefits-in-kind; the self-employed are taxed based upon profits. Such taxes are said to be National Insurance Contributions (NICs).

The benefit component of the system is a number of contributory benefits, that is ones where the claimant's previous contribution record determines the availability and amount of the benefit paid. The benefits provided are weekly income benefits and some lump sum benefits to participants upon death, retirement, unemployment, maternity and disability.

Registering a death (2007)

Where do I register a death?A death must be registered in the district that it occurred.

The death must be registered within five days (unless the coroner is investigating the circumstances leading to the death or the registrar says this period may be exceeded).

Registering a still-birth (2007)

When a child is still-born it is necessary to register the still-birth in the district in which it occurred. Although this may be arranged through any register office in England or Wales, it needs to be done within 42 days, and may not be done more than three months after the still-birth occurred.

Legal definition of a still-born child

A still-born child is legally defined as a child born after the 24th week of pregnancy who did not at any time after being born breathe or show any other signs of life. A child who breathed or showed other signs of life is considered live-born for registration purposes irrespective of the number of weeks duration of the pregnancy.

UNEMPLOYMENT BENIFIT

Unemployment benefits were first instituted in 1911. Over 2 million people were relying on the payments by 1921, as Britain was experiencing economic hardship after World War I. Those who disliked the handouts referred to the insurance as "the 'dole'"; this may come from the fact that the benefit was paid weekly, in cash, by the Employment Exchange clerk after the customer had 'signed on'.

THE POOR LAW

The Poor Law Act 1601 was also known as the Elizabethan Poor Law, 43rd Elizabeth[1] Old Poor Law after the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act in 1834. At the time of passing it was referred to as the 1601 Act for the Relief of the Poor.[2]

It formalised earlier practices of poor relief distribution in England and Wales[3] and is generally considered a refinement of the Act For the Relief of the Poor 1597 that established Overseers of the Poor.[4] The Old Poor Law was not one law but a collection of laws passed between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. The system's administrative unit was the parish. It was not a collectivist or centralised government policy[5] but a law which made individual parishes responsible for Poor Law legislation. The 1601 act saw a move away from the more obvious forms of punishing paupers under the Tudor system towards methods of 'correction'.

It's Purpose
* to set to work children who were orphaned or whose parents could not maintain them,
* to provide materials to "set the poor on work"
* to offer relief to people who were unable to work — mainly those who were "lame, impotent, old, blind", and
* "the putting out of children to be apprentices".


WORKHOUSES

workhouse

In the UK, a former institution to house and maintain people unable to earn their own living, established under the poor law. Groups of parishes in England combined to build workhouses for the poor, the aged, the disabled, and orphaned children from about 1815 until about 1930.

Sixteenth-century poor laws made parishes responsible for helping the poor within their boundaries. The 19th-century parish poor law unions found workhouses a more cost-effective way. An act of Parliament in 1834 improved supervision of workhouses, where conditions were sometimes harsh, and a new welfare legislation in the early 20th century made them redundant.

DEATH CERTIFICATES

A death certificate is a document issued by a government official such as a registrar of vital statistics that declares the date, location and cause of a person's death.

Each governmental jurisdiction prescribes the form of the document for use in its purview and the procedures necessary to legally produce it. One purpose of the certificate is to review the cause of death to determine if foul-play occurred. It may also be required in order to arrange a burial or cremation, to prove a person's will or to claim on a person's life insurance.

Before issuing a death certificate, the authorities usually require a certificate from a physician or coroner to validate the cause of death and the identity of the deceased. In cases where it is not completely clear that a person is dead (usually because their body is being sustained by life support), a neurologist is often called in to verify brain death and to fill out the appropriate documentation. The failure of a physician to immediately submit the required form to the government (to trigger issuance of the death certificate) is often both a crime and cause for loss of one's license to practice. This is because of past scandals in which dead people continued to receive public benefits or "voted" in elections.

Death certificates may also be issued pursuant to a court order or an executive order in the case of individuals who have been declared dead in absentia. Missing persons and victims of mass disasters (such as the sinking of the RMS Lusitania) may be issued death certificates in one of these manners.

In some jurisdictions, a police officer is allowed to sign a death certificate. This is usually when the cause of death seems obvious and no foul play is suspected, such as a home accident or SIDS. In such cases, an autopsy is rarely performed.

CENSUS RECORDS

Census records began in 1801 and were taken every ten years, but very few returns before 1841 survive. There is a 100-year closure on personal information from the returns,

The first four censuses (1801-1831) were mainly statistical (that is, they were mainly headcounts and contained virtually no personal information).

The 1841 Census, conducted by the General Register Office, was the first to record the names of everyone in a household or institution. However, their relationship to the head of the household wasn’t noted, although sometimes this can be inferred from the occupation shown (eg servant). Those under the age of 15 had their proper ages listed, but for those who were older the ages were supposed to be rounded down to the nearest five years, although this rule was not strictly adhered to. Precise birthplaces were not given - at best the birthplace can be narrowed down to the county in which the person was living.

From 1851 onwards the census shows the exact age and relationship to the head of household for each individual; the place of birth was also listed, but with varying degrees of precision. Sometimes those who were born abroad have the annotation B.S. or British Subject.

The censuses are reasonably accurate. However, ages in particular are frequently shown incorrectly, though often the difference is only one year; in general the younger the individual the more accurate the age shown. Birthplaces often vary from one census to the next: a common error is to show the place where the census was taken as the birthplace, but most of the variations in birthplace can be accounted for by changes in geographical scale (for example, the nearest town being shown instead of the precise village, or a city being shown instead of the relevant suburb).

The censuses are also remarkably complete - though inevitably a small percentage of the population wasn’t recorded for one reason or another, and in some cases the records are missing or damaged (notably in 1861). Furthermore, all censuses of Ireland before 1901 have been lost or destroyed.

Because of World War II, there was no census in 1941. However, following the passage into law (on 5 September 1939) of the National Registration Act a population count was carried out on 29 September 1939, which was, in effect, a census.

WILL (Law)

In the common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the testator) regulates the rights of others over his or her property or family after death. For the devolution of property not disposed of by will, see inheritance and intestacy. In the strictest sense, "will" is a general term, while "testament" applies only to dispositions of personal property (this distinction is seldom observed). A will is also used as the instrument in a trust.

Terminology used in Wills
* A bequest is a gift in the form of a stated amount of money.
* A codicil is an amendment to a will.
* A demonstrative legacy is a gift from a specific bank account, or a specified set of savings bonds, stock certificates, or other bonds.
* A devise is special gift of real property in a will.
* A devisee is a person who receives a devise.
* Intestate means without a will; this is often seen in the phrase "to die intestate".
* A legacy is a gift.
* A legatee is a person who receives a legacy.
* Testate means with a will.
* The testator is a person who executes a will; that is, the person whose will it is.


Any person over the age of majority can draft their own will without the aid of an attorney. Additional requirements may vary, depending on the jurisdiction, but every will must contain the following:

* The testator must clearly identify himself as the maker of the will, and that a will is being made; this is commonly called "publication" of the will, and is typically satisfied by the words "last will and testament" on the face of the document.

* The testator must declare that he revokes all previously-made wills and codicils. Otherwise, a subsequently-made will revokes earlier wills and codicils only to the extent that they are inconsistent. However, if a subsequent will is completely inconsistent with an earlier one, that earlier will be considered completely revoked by implication.

* The testator must demonstrate that he has the capacity to dispose of his property, and does so freely and willingly.

* The testator must sign and date the will, usually in the presence of at least two disinterested witnesses (persons who are not beneficiaries). In some jurisdictions, for example Kentucky,[1] the spouse of a beneficiary is also considered an interested witness. In the USA, Pennsylvania is the only state which does not require the signing of the will be witnessed.

* The testator's signature must be placed at the end of the will. If this is not observed, any text following the signature will be ignored, or the entire will may be invalidated if what comes after the signature is so material that ignoring it would defeat the testator's intentions.

After the testator has died, a probate proceeding may be initiated in court to determine the validity of the will, i.e., whether it satisfied the legal requirements, and to appoint an executor. If the will is ruled invalid in probate, then inheritance will occur under the laws of intestacy as if a will were never drafted.

Although there is no legal requirement that a will be drawn up by a lawyer, there are many pitfalls into which home-made wills may fall, and it is highly desirable that any will is the subject of legal advice before drafting or execution. The person who makes a will is not available to explain him or herself, or to correct any technical deficiency or error in expression, when it comes into effect on that person's death, and so there is no room for mistake.

A very common error (for example) in the execution of home-made wills in England is to use a beneficiary (typically a spouse or other close family members) as a witness, although this has the effect in law of disinheriting the witness regardless of the provisions of the will.

Some states recognize a holographic will, made out entirely in the testator's own hand. A minority of states even recognize the validity of nuncupative wills. In England, the formalities of wills are relaxed for soldiers who express their wishes on active service.

A will may not include a requirement that an heir commit an illegal, immoral, or other act against public policy as a condition of receipt. In community property jurisdictions, a will cannot be used to disinherit a surviving spouse, who is entitled to at least a portion of the testator's estate. In England, a will may disinherit a spouse, but close relations excluded from a will (including but not limited to spouses) may apply to the court for provision to be made for them in the court's discretion.

It is not only a good idea but also essential that the testator give his executor the power to pay debts, taxes, and administration expenses (probate, etc.). Warren Burger's will did not contain this, which wound up costing his estate thousands. This is not a consideration in English law, which provides that all such expenses will fall on the estate in any case.

PLEASE REMEMBER!


One problem seems to be that many "newbies" (and may be some not-so-newbies) do not know how to return to the thread!!


No-one tells them that

a)They will not get an email from GR telling them that there is a message for them,

b) No-one tells them that they can find ALL their previous postings and threads by Going to Community and clicking on My Threads in the left hand panel..
(Yellow box with Man in Tophat)

Newbies will also find a lot of useful information on the Tips board

It is worth spending a while on there and reading a few posts